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The findings demonstrated that, when compared to handedness, footedness appeared to be less biased behavioral laterality in culturally restrictive communities.
Viewing others' painful grasps also biased behavioral responses to actual tactile stimulation, a novel effect not seen for auditory control stimuli.
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Our present morphological and behavioral studies examining this small FruM/OA neuronal population provide necessary refinement steps towards understanding how individual neuromodulatory neurons interact with neuronal circuitry to bias behavioral output.
Thus, we predicted that conspecific calls, but not heterospecific calls, would evoke responses in brain regions involved in species recognition and attractive calls would elicit differential responses in at least some of those same brain regions, thereby serving as a potential mechanism to bias behavioral output towards attractive signals.
Dopamine release in specific compartments may modify local KC MBON synapses to bias behavioral output.
To minimize bias, behavioral assays have mostly been assessed by two experimenters in a blinded fashion.
Thus, groups of MBONs, rather than individual MBONs, likely act collectively to bias behavioral responses.
This suggests that the MBONs do not represent odor identity but instead provide a representation that may bias behavioral responses (see 'Discussion').
This signifies that, compared to memory and attention biases, behavioral biases may be more related to depressive characteristics in combination with (or exacerbated by) a mood manipulation than to transient moods per se.
Thus, rather than providing a general representation of odor identity, the activity of the individual MBONs is more likely to encode a set of 'state variables' that collectively bias behavioral responses to sensory stimuli.
Temperament exists as a relatively stable predisposition in adult life, which is shaped by both genotype and early experience [ 4], whilst mood describes a more temporary state of psychological functioning which helps to bias behavioral choices towards certain types of action in a predisposing environment [ 5].
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