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If social desirability bias were present, we would expect support for Trump in the Internet surveys to be consistently higher than in live phone polls.
You'd expect that if social-desirability bias were present, it would be more pronounced in places, times, and contexts "where the social norm of tolerance is itself stronger, but that isn't the case".
Our systematic review suggested that all these sources of bias were present.
Secondly, it is likely that other types of bias were present in some of these studies.
Other opportunities for selection bias were present, including during specimen collection (Searles Nielsen et al. 2008).
No blinding was used, and no controls for selection bias were present in controlling for the sample population.
Similar(46)
"Implicit bias is present absolutely and it has been demonstrated across dozens and dozens of studies".
We aimed to assess here whether such citation bias is present across the medical literature.
And when things really counted — in the surveys conducted just before Election Day — no evidence of social desirability bias was present.
After all, the grant of alienage jurisdiction to the federal courts, both original and removal, constitutes an official assumption that xenophobic bias is present in state courts.
Risk of bias was present because of inadequate randomization, lack of a control group, and underpowered studies.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com