Sentence examples for bias was selected based from inspiring English sources
A set of 355 genes that varied across the experiment (without consideration of whether variation was within or between conditions, to avoid bias) was selected based upon a coefficient of variation (CV; ratio of standard deviation to mean) of 0.6 or greater.
The most appropriate interpolation method was selected based on mean absolute error (MAE) and mean bias error (MBE) indices.
Note that these estimates are biased by the fact that for each gene in the panel, the most discriminative probe was selected based on the entire training cohort.
The high degree of concordance between the consultant's view of management and the MDM consensus could be biased in that patients were selected based on the presence of a clearly documented consultant decision regarding the treatment pathway before MDM.
We note that publication bias is unlikely to occur in examples such as IMPACT, where studies were selected based on the availability of particular factors and relevant endpoints, rather than on reported significance of any prognostic factors.
Finally, key informants were selected based on purposive sampling, which may lead to volunteer bias.
Although these loci were selected based on their variability, this data set lacks the strong ascertainment bias of the SNP data set.
This is likely to be due to ascertainment bias rather than a real underlying difference in variability between West and East Atlantic populations, as SNPs were selected based on their frequent occurrence in Cape Sable and Bay Bulls fish.
Divergence-based ascertainment bias calls into question the validity of earlier studies of the site frequency spectrum from regions which have been selected based on their evolutionary rate between species but have ignored this source of error.
Second, the medical schools were selected based on the THE-QS World University Rankings whave have been criticized for their construct validity and possible selection biases of peer reviewers [ 26].
