Sentence examples for bias was calculated using from inspiring English sources
Codon Usage analysis was performed with CodonW version 1.3 http://codonw.sourceforge.net/, and codon bias was calculated using the "effective number of codons" (ENC) method [ 33].
The significance for homeolog bias was calculated using a paired, Student's T-test with log2 transformation to ensure the normality in expression values.
The bias was calculated using the following formula: [haptoglobin SRM (mg/L) - haptoglobin nephelometry (mg/L)]/[mean (mg/L) of haptoglobin SRM and haptoglobin nephelometry] × 100.
Amino acid bias was calculated using Tree-Puzzle which uses a chi-squared test to compare the amino acid composition of each alignment row with the empirical frequencies calculated from the alignment [ 79].
All meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.2 (Cochrane Collaboration) except publication bias was calculated using STATA SE 12.1 package (StataCorp, College Station, TX); other statistical tests were performed using SPSS for Windows 13.0 (IBM, Chicago, IL).
Codon usage bias was calculated using the R package seqinr (function cai) based on the D. pseudoobscura codon usage table downloaded from http://www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/cgi-bin/showcodon.cgi species=7237.jp/codon/cgi-bin/showcodon.cgi species=7237
* Collected at the discharge assessment Agreement between conventional change and patient perceived change as well between conventional change and patient perceived change adjusted for recall bias were calculated using intraclass-correlation coefficients and limits of agreement (separately for utility and VAS).
For D. pseudoobscura sex-bias was calculated using the package DESeq (Anders and Huber, 2010), treating the strains as two biological replicates for each sex and applying an FDR = 0.1.
These biases are calculated using approximate inference on graphical models built to represent the paradigmatic protein design problem.
All above analyses were performed using RevMan 5.1 (Cochrane collaboration, Oxford, UK) and Publication biases were calculated using the Begg's funnel plot by STATA 11.0 (STATA Corporation, College Station, TX, USA).
