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The higher the correlation between both variables the larger is the bias of the parameter estimates (Bade et al. 2011).
While reducing their variance, it also increases the bias of the parameter estimates.
Since the team sizes are relatively small in our sample, bias of the parameter estimates and fit statistics will be less [ 23].
Bootstrapping [ 23] is used to estimate the relative standard errors and bias of the parameter estimates, so users can tell whether the parameter estimation is good or not.
Firth (1993) proposed a general penalised regression procedure which eliminates the first-order bias of the parameter estimates; more importantly for the present work, it also avoids infinite parameter estimates.
To calculate the propensity scores, the Firth logistic regression model 20, which handles the issues of separability, small sample sizes, and bias of the parameter estimates and estimates model parameters by penalized likelihood method was fit on treatment to derive a full model that included all available covariates.
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Using these potentially heterogeneous data may be a source of bias for the parameter estimates.
A thorough investigation of the hot carrier degradation under various gate and drain stress biases are carried out to gain an insight on the bias dependences of the parameter drifts.
Interference with the search process is likely to result in bias, so the parameters of success of a query have to be extracted from search-related data.
Particularly, when the null hypothesis is composite and the profile likelihood is used, the estimation of nuisance parameters can substantially bias inferences of the parameters of interest (e.g., see Chapter 10 of Pawitan 2001).
Taking this 'panel effect' into account improved goodness of fit (McFadden's rho-squared) and accounts for one dimension of bias in the parameter estimates, thereby yielding parameter estimates that are closer to the theoretical 'true' values.
More suggestions(17)
bias of the data
bias of the variable
bias of the sample
bias of the meta-analysis
bias of the program
bias of the left
bias of the study
bias of the word
bias of the performance
bias of the camera
bias of the course
bias of the piece
bias of the training
bias of the software
bias of the intelligence
bias of the mind
bias of the electorate
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