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Previous smoking has to be taken into account when performing electrophysiological studies to avoid bias of study results.
Thus, a bias of study results is not presumed.
Recall bias of study participants cannot be excluded.
We also examined factors that could influence the risk of bias of study findings.
As often noted by other retrospective studies, researchers must take due care to avoid selection bias of study subjects.
Nonetheless, the potential bias of study design and quality requires thoughtful consideration within a given clinical field.
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Risk of bias of studies was further assessed using a scoring system for evaluating selection, attrition and reporting biases for randomized controlled trials (max. 3 points) [15] and the Ottawa Newcastle scale for non-randomized studies (max. 9 points) [16].
Funnel plot for assessing publication bias of studies.
We planned to assess the risk of bias of studies at the level of outcome level.
He argues that "selection bias of studies [as opposed to selection bias of individuals within studies] is probably the central reason for discrepant results in meta-analyses".
The assessment of the risk of bias of studies included in a systematic review has evolved over time.
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