Sentence examples for bias of cases from inspiring English sources
However, the misclassification bias of cases and controls must have been low because all controls were tested for influenza virus.
Smaller sample sizes in hospital-based studies may result in larger selection bias of cases and controls.
Elements in the method used to evaluate the "quality" of the studies were: a) blind or non-blind protocol; b) presence or absence of participation and selection bias of cases and controls; c) relevant or marginal MP exposure; d) adequate or inadequate latency or overall time of MP use; e) scrutiny of tumour laterality; f) funding by independent sources or by cell-phone companies.
Last, this present review primarily involved case-control studies published in the existing literature, and the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the recall bias of case-control studies.
Selection bias of case-players and controls is a limitation of this study.
The Joanna Briggs critical appraisal tool was used to measure the bias of case studies and case series [ 23].
Finally, we analysed data from 12 autosomal SNPs identified as showing significant variation across geographical regions of the UK. 14 Our interpretation of these results would be that multiple associations to these SNPs is indicative of regional ascertainment bias of case samples given that control samples are known to be collected from across the UK.
Nevertheless, other studies [ 19] indicate that the influence of such reporting biases of cases is relatively small.
Biological plausibility, publication bias, selection bias, biased definition of cases, biased selection of controls, and population stratification should be assessed [63].
A case-control study was considered to be at low risk of bias if all of the following study quality items were recorded as low risk of bias: definition of cases, sample used for selection of controls, and matching or adjusting for a minimum of age and gender.
This could be explained by methodological biases of case-control studies.
