When the current speaker corresponded to the worm's bias, movements in the positive direction were 25% steeper than the unbiased worm, and movements in the negative direction were 25% less steep.
The analysis of those fellowships, published in Nature in 1997, is the fundamental text of the gender-bias movement, cited over and over at conferences, in papers and in lobbying materials.
In general, distorting one of the two linear arms of a regular symmetric ratchet (with equal arm lengths) can create a driving force for the Brownian particle to execute biased movement.
In cells not touching the boundary, i.e., located in the center of the notochord, EB3 moved more randomly and did not show biased movement, even at the same stage (Fig. 2b Movie S6).
Based on the spindle-shaped localization pattern of a subset of the Qdots, along with their directionally biased movement, we speculated that some actin filaments could be traveling down the microtubules of the central spindle toward the contractile ring.
On the other hand, when the NAC was co-cultured side-by-side with normal animal cap (ectoderm), the EB3 in the NAC cells moved toward the boundary between the two explants with strikingly biased movement (Fig. 4b), reminiscent of the boundary-contacting cells in the Keller explants (Fig. 2a).
ATP binding draws loop11 and loop9 closer together; causing (1) tilting of most of the motor domain not contacting the MT towards the nucleotide-binding site, (2) rotation, translation, and extension of helix-α6 which we propose contributes to force generation, and (3) allows neck linker docking and biases movement of the 2nd head towards the MT plus end.
We next examined the possible correlation between cell morphology and polarized EB3 movements and found that at time 0' when no obvious morphological change of cell shape is detected, the cells show biased movements of EB3 (Fig. 3c).
Our Random Walk Generator allows the user to incorporate habitat bias in movement for an organism.
