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After the experiment, we again inquired about their experience of the bias manipulation.
Figure 3C illustrates these repetition effects, and suggests that they are similar before and after the bias manipulation.
Additionally, we were interested in participants' subjective experience of the bias manipulation, and to what extent this could underly any observed long-term effects.
Participants post-experiment distribution estimates in Experiment 2B were in general in line with the bias manipulation (M = 0.14, SD = 0.11), which was supported by the t-test (B F+,0>1000).
In Experiment 2A, there was no clear evidence whether participants overall took note of the bias manipulation (M = 0.03, SD = 0.18): a one-sided Bayesian t-test whether scores were greater than 0 yielded only limited evidence supporting overall awareness, with B F0,+ = 2.4.
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The vmPFC mask was taken from a conjunction analysis between two bias manipulations reported elsewhere (Mulder et al. 2012).
For instance, perhaps given one solution for the original 9 model parameters, the Post-Cat-Bias manipulation accounts for unilateral FOF inactivations best, but given another solution the Input Gain would fit best.
A18 Contentious Senate Hearing Thomas Dorr, nominated for an Agriculture Department post, defended himself at a Senate hearing against accusations of racial bias and manipulation of subsidy programs.
People said they placed high value on information from libraries and archives because of their authenticity, neutrality and lack of editorial bias or manipulation.
That has left both UN agencies and NGOs to rely on far more fallible systems, to draw on methodologies open to error, bias and manipulation.
The new resources will enable advanced instruction in digital and physical security, algorithmic bias, image manipulation and source protection in an era of high surveillance.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com