Our results also highlighted the importance of including wild relatives when documenting the origins of almond domestication using genetic data, because gene flow from wild relatives can bias distance-based ancestry inferences (e.g., see van Heerwaarden et al. 2011).
The response of the detector is directly related to the He discharge voltage, bias electrode-to-discharge distance, and collector-to-bias distance by a simple mathematical expression.
In this section, we describe the SS equations of the biased distances.
This index enables one to diagnose whether a distance matrix is compatible with a tree and to modify the biased distances until they satisfy orthogonality, that is, with a zero value for the index.
Assuming that convergent evolution and long-branch attraction are the main source of deviation from additivity, we allow for only positive corrections of the biased distances between the core set and excluded taxa (that is, distances can only get bigger).
Roosting and foraging traits influenced spatial bias, but distance to protected areas was the greatest contributor to spatial sampling bias in a pooled model and 8 out of 10 ecological trait group models.
This paradigm measures one's susceptibility for a bias in distance estimation between two agents that is induced by the implicit processing of gaze direction and biological motion conveyed by these agents.
This systematic bias in distance estimation results in a phylogenetic reconstruction method that might be statistically inconsistent in some cases.
Furthermore, it will introduce a bias into distance values of constitutively expressed (unchanged) transcripts in lanes which contain strongly induced or suppressed bands.
