Sentence examples for bias based on study from inspiring English sources

No clear bias based on study design, exposure assessment methodology, or outcome misclassification was seen.

Four observational studies (all cohort studies) were at low-risk of bias based on study design, exposure ascertainment and adjusting for key confounding variables, and were deemed to be of high quality (Table  2) [ 15, 16, 23, 24].

In addition to low incidences of detailed pathologic effects, biases based on study design and pathology nomenclature limited the overall ability to compare chemical toxicities when we used individual effects.

Box 1 Examples of risk of bias assessment changes and other concerns In trial WV15708, the risk of bias related to allocation concealment went from 'Unclear' based on core reports to 'High' risk of bias based on full clinical study reports because the full clinical study report did not report sufficient details about the method of allocation concealment.

In trial WV15707, the risk of bias related to random sequence generation went from 'Unclear' based on core reports to 'High' risk of bias based on full clinical study reports because a full description of the randomisation procedure was not provided.

>>> We also compare CI coverage and bias based on all simulation studies including those stopped after the first stage.

The present data was derived from a limited number of studies, however, and may contain unintended bias based on mutation detection methods, study design or uncontrolled confounders.

2. Selection bias Based on a small pilot study, we anticipate a relatively low response rate in the current study (25%).

Some investigators have avoided the sampling bias based on mirror properties by studying identified pyramidal tract neurons in area F5, selected on the basis of their antidromic response and not for their properties during action execution or observation [18].

We also included the funding source and declared conflicts of interest as a potential source of bias based on empirical data from studies conducted on pharmacological treatments that reported evidence of bias associated with funding source (Krauth et al. 2013; Lundh et al. 2012).

Studies focusing strictly on individual components of palliative care, such as advance care planning or care giver burden, studies focused solely on cancer patients admitted or referred to palliative care, studies focused on patients under 18 years of age, studies with a high risk of bias (based on a predefined threshold) and studies of <12 weeks duration with <10 participants per group.