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The main limitation in the study design is the risk of selection bias at each sampling stage, potentially leading to overestimation of disease prevalence.
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To reduce possible sampling bias during the metatranscriptomic analysis, at each sampling time, the total RNA was extracted from three cheeses and each extraction was performed in triplicate.
As shown in Figure 1, the absolute risk predictions show a small amount of bias at low subcohort sampling fractions, and also greater variability.
At each sampling date, four independent samples, each composed of four plants, were collected.
We found significant bias at small sample sizes when survival was low (survival = 0.5), and that sampling with a more-realistic inverse J-shaped population structure exacerbated this bias.
Estimates of σ g 2 may be biased at small sample sizes, however, as shown in Figure 2 and Table 2.
Application of both the category-based and continuous NRI was considered, with less bias observed at small sampling fractions for the continuous NRI.
Although even less computationally demanding, this could introduce a bias toward stopping sampling at estimates lower than the underlying P-value.
Rather, this bias reflects sampling bias at some step of the sequencing reaction.
Selection channels: from contacts obtained in Senegal, or public spaces, migrant associations, snowballing, interviewers' contacts Multiple steps with high sample attrition and (non-random) selection selection biases at origin ITA & SPA (partial sample) MAFE 2008.
Klein's Procrustean bed is sample selection bias at its worst.
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