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"It follows that, at the very least, a reasonable apprehension of bias arises".
Such a bias arises only when the contemporaneous GDP growth rate appears in the regressors.
Those suffering less from unemployment stay jobless: hence, a selection bias arises in cross-section specifications.
Cognitive bias arises from various processes that are sometimes difficult to distinguish.
Diagne (2006) points out that the positive selection bias arises from two sources.
There is a 'bias in the sampling', but it is not easy to see exactly where this bias arises.
This bias arises out of the implicit belief that philosophy is the privileged activity of certain races.
Hidden bias arises if there are unobserved variables that affect both participation in cooperatives and the outcome variable of interest (Abebaw and Haile 2013).
We shall present various situations where selection bias arises in the formation of a prediction rule and where there is a consequent need for the correction of this bias.
LD estimates may be biased depending on the means by which SNPs are first identified, and a particular problem of ascertainment bias arises when SNPs identified in small heterogeneous panels are subsequently typed in larger population samples.
15This result also confirms the prediction of Clark and Lucas (2006) that sample selection bias arises if one uses pooled data OLS regressions to estimate the impact of unemployment duration on well-being.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com