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Use beyond the primary study is generally limited to comparing changes in mean lifespan or other high-level summary statistics.
Use beyond the primary study is generally limited to comparing changes in mean lifespan or similar high-level summary statistics.
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However, the methods reviewed here vary in the extent to which they attempt to 'go beyond' the primary studies and transform the data.
Different methods have different mechanisms for going beyond the primary studies, although some are more explicit than others about what these entail.
While the development of descriptive themes remains 'close' to the primary studies, the analytical themes represent a stage of interpretation whereby the reviewers 'go beyond' the primary studies and generate new interpretive constructs, explanations or hypotheses.
Some have claimed that this notion of 'going beyond' the primary studies is a critical component of synthesis, and is what distinguishes it from the types of summaries of findings that typify traditional literature reviews [e.g. [ 32], p209].
We developed new interpretative constructs (we compared studies that were <10 years old with studies conducted ≥10 years ago and studies of women with and without breast cancer to explain our findings) in order to go beyond the primary studies and to generate new explanations and hypotheses.
The theme of 'going beyond' the content of the primary studies was discussed earlier.
Neither had we 'gone beyond' the findings of the primary studies and generated additional concepts, understandings or hypotheses.
Conceptually, our analytical themes are similar to the ultimate product of meta-ethnographies: third order interpretations [ 11], since both are explicit mechanisms for going beyond the content of the primary studies and presenting this in a transparent way.
Ultimately, the synthesis should generate rich, compelling and new insights that go beyond a summary of the primary studies; however some "implicit judgment" and team discussion may be required to assess this.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com