Sentence examples for beyond the optical breakdown from inspiring English sources

In the technique described above, under irradiation, the AuNPs locally amplify the EM field which passes beyond the optical breakdown threshold and then leads to the formation of a cavitation bubble of submicron size.

The optical breakdown of the target occurs due to irradiation by laser pulse to form plasma directly from solid [8].

The optical breakdown threshold measurement results for single pulse transmission are given in Fig. 7.

The laser radiation produces transient cavitation in the liquid through the optical breakdown by absorption of the laser energy.

The required higher electrical field amplitude additionally increases the influence of competing nonlinear side effects to the optical breakdown such as self-focusing [ 8, 9].

For the nanosecond pulses used at 532 nm and 1064 nm, multiphoton absorption is not expected as the intensity does not reach the optical breakdown threshold.

Referring to Vogel et al., this intensity is sufficient to induce important plasma production as the optical breakdown occurs for intensity of 10 W/cm [ 38].

We investigated the influence of aberrations from the laser system, the optical pulse delivery system, and a model eye on the optical breakdown in comparison to the diffraction limited beam.

For this reason the excitation pulse parameters were adjusted to provide the best spectral signal to noise ratio while remaining under the tissue optical breakdown threshold.

The basis for our investigation was the development of an optical system which combines an adaptive optics wave front correction with the delivery of femtosecond laser pulses from the source to the site of optical breakdown.

In the case of optical breakdown part of the pulse energy is absorbed or reflected at the plasma.