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While the response of reinforcing steel beyond the elastic phase is described through yielding, hardening, softening, and fracture under monotonic loading, these monotonic parameters are inadequate to incorporate random cyclic effects such as strength degradation because steel is vulnerable to fatigue damage under seismic loads.
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Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) forms multiple micro-cracks under tension when loaded to beyond the elastic stage.
Therefore, the TTO model can be used to describe the mechanical behaviour of FG plates beyond the elastic range, assuming that the material response is essentially governed by the spreading of plasticity in the metal phase.
Results are presented from neutron diffraction measurement of the strains in each phase, matrix and reinforcement, of a metal matrix composite bar before and after deformation beyond the elastic limit by four-point bending.
Stresses beyond the elastic limit cause a material to yield or flow.
For most brittle materials, stresses beyond the elastic limit result in fracture with almost no plastic deformation.
Many practically important ceramic materials show inelastic behavior well beyond the elastic limit.
The method extends the use of influence lines beyond the elastic limits while preserving their inherent efficiency and accuracy.
Beyond the elastic limit, the bolt goes into its plastic range, causing some permanent stretch to occur.
This study reveals that the constitutive behavior of metallic honeycombs beyond the elastic regime is controlled by folding systems.
An internationally agreed definition was therefore developed, in which VPI is defined as 'invasion beyond the elastic layer including invasion to the visceral pleural surface' [38].
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