Patients with histories of corticosteroid use, bilateral knee replacements, other forms of arthritis, cancer or other chronic diseases beyond hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia were excluded.
Beyond hypertension, studies in general populations have identified a positive association of lead exposure with clinical cardiovascular outcomes (cardiovascular, coronary heart disease, and stroke mortality; and peripheral arterial disease), but the number of studies is small.
The study by Eriksson and colleagues "adds to the growing literature examining associations between noise and cardiovascular outcomes, moving beyond hypertension to additional … pathways," says Jonathan Levy, associate chair of the Department of Environmental Health at Boston University.
"We anticipate that as we further refine and test the system, we will find multiple applications beyond epilepsy, hypertension and diabetes, including bladder incontinence, chronic pain and cardiac arrhythmia," Arbabian says.
In metabolic syndrome, however, beyond obesity, hypertension is a key feature, which is not present when MSG is used in mice [ 30] and Wistar rats [ 45], but was effectively shown in the present study treating SHR.
Beyond essential hypertension, efferent sympathetic traffic is logically linked with the three major physiologic features identified as the renal component of the "cardiorenal syndrome" [ 23, 24]: excess renin release, rightward shift of the pressure-natriuresis relation and reduced renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rates.
Their association with generalized vasoconstriction during preeclampsia could explain the persistence of hypertension beyond the post-partum period.
Our study has revealed in this group of women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, the high prevalence of persisting proteinuria and hypertension beyond the postpartum period and full recovery of renal function within the same period.
Beyond causing glomerular hypertension, angiotensin II has been suggested to promote progressive renal damage directly through a variety of mechanisms, including increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, immune activation and induction of growth factor release [ 7].
PE was defined as gestational hypertension beyond 20 weeks of GA in previously normotensive women with a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg and the presence of proteinuria of ≥300 mg in 24-hour collection, according to the criteria of the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy [ 14].
Hanis CL, Redline S, Cade BE, Bell GI, Cox NJ, Below JE, Brown EL, Aguilar D. Beyond type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypertension: an axis including sleep apnea, left ventricular hypertrophy, endothelial dysfunction, and aortic stiffness among Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas.
