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On one hand, the PCB proposed in [12] is used to measure the RTT between two wireless nodes.
According to [8], the distance between two wireless nodes can be estimated from RSS measurements by (3).
The expression (1) has been widely used in the literature to describe RSS values as a function of the distance between two wireless nodes.
RSS ranging is based on the principle that says that the greater the distance between two wireless nodes is, the weaker their relative received signals are.
Once the RTT measurements have been performed between two wireless nodes, a model is used to relate the RTT to the actual distance that separates both nodes in LOSs.
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Therefore, having taken this value for the path loss exponent and from the RSS values measured between both devices, the distance between the two wireless nodes can be estimated by using the expression (3).
Another cause of the topological changes is the instability of the wireless link quality, which might become high or low due to the signal fading (obstacles between the two wireless nodes), interference from other signals, or the change in the node transmission power level.
According to Figure 12, the throughput for the first two wireless nodes, both in class 1, is almost 200 Kbps; the next three wireless nodes in the second class are between 300 Kbps and 350 Kbps of throughput, and the third class is very close to 450 Kbps in terms of throughput for each wireless node.
The same two wireless nodes have been used in the same LOS environment.
The attenuation caused by the distance that separates two wireless nodes is known as path-loss, and it is modeled to be inversely proportional to the distance between the emitter and the receiver raised to a certain exponent.
Figure 2 shows the throughput of six wireless nodes when each wireless node has different number of flows.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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