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Exact(6)
The evolutionary relationship between two traits is modelled as a linear relation between the unobserved species mean values.
One way in which relQTLs can affect the relationship between two traits is by epistatically interacting with other QTLs that differentially affect the traits.
Hence, if the MZ cross-trait cross-twin correlation between two traits is less than rph between them, E is implicated on their covariance.
Cross-trait cross-twin correlations provide one with an initial indication of the extent to which covariance between two traits is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
When a partial correlation between two traits is null (i.e., they are independent conditionally on at least one set of other traits), then there is no direct causal relation between this pair of traits.
One measure of the genetic similarity between two traits is ρ, the correlation between SNP effect sizes for each trait: ρ = 1 indicates the two traits have identical genetic aetiologies whereas ρ = 0 indicates no overlap.
Similar(54)
To test whether a given correlation between two traits was significantly different from zero, the likelihood of a model in which this correlation was constrained to zero was compared with a model in which the same correlation was estimated.
As MZ twins are assumed to share all of their segregating DNA code with one another, while DZ twins share, on average, 50%%, additive genetic (A) influences on the covariance between two traits are implicated if the MZ cross-trait cross-twin correlation exceeds the DZ estimate.
Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between eight traits were calculated by standard procedures [ 56].
The study authors made sure to note that since it's a small study, there's no way to confirm that basing your self-worth on social acceptance makes you more likely to become addicted to Facebook, but the correlation between the two traits is worth further exploration, and may help us better understand ways to help all kinds of people have a more healthy relationship with social media.
However, it is likely that the non-shared variance (∼40%) between the two traits is largely genetic and driving the two different QTLs.
Related(20)
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