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And the overlapping score between two pathways is the summary of edge scores on their common interactions.
Specifically, the interaction score between two pathways is estimated by their overlapping status of weighted pathways in the following formula: The overlapping score is the summation of the scores of overlapping edges between pathways.
The number of edges in each interaction network that have a weight smaller than the maximum path length (see methods) and hence may contribute to a path between two pathways is shown in Table 1.
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Finally, a functional similarity score (funSim) between two pathways was computed via cosine measure.
The co-expression value between two pathways was measured by combining Jaccard coefficient (JC) and overlap coefficient (OC) defined as: (7) J C = E 12 E 1 + E 2 - E 12 and O C = E 12 min (E 1, E 2 ) Where E 1 and E 2 denote the number of tissues in which pathway 1 and 2 are expressed, respectively, and E 12 denotes the number of common tissues where both pathways are expressed.
The chief distinction between these two pathways is the presence of specialized, thick-walled photosynthetic cells located in sheaths surrounding vascular bundles in C-4 plants.
But the reason why there are two pathways (K and D pathways) responsible for oxygen reduction is not clear, and the functional difference between these two pathways is not know either (Fig. 1).
There are also reports regarding the dual activation of WNT/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling in hyperoxia exposure models, but the crosstalk between the two pathways is incompletely understood [82, 84].
Although the crosstalk between BMP and TGFβ signaling pathways is well established in bone development, the relationship between these two pathways is less well defined during cartilage development and postnatal homeostasis.
However, this difference was disappeared in CB1R KO mice (Fig. 4B), suggesting that the difference in LTD between the two pathways is attributed to a greater contribution eCBs in LTD at the SC, but lesser at the PP.
However, the molecular interplay between these two pathways is not fully understood.
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