The coverage area of each BS about 2000 m, and the overlapping region between two BSs is 200 m.
By analogy with the discrete regular network, where the half distance between two BS is, we consider that the minimum distance to interferers is. Figure 1 Network and cell of interest in the fluid model; the minimum distance between the BS of interest and interferers is and the interfering network is made of a continuum of base stations.
We approximate the integration surface by a ring with centre u, inner radius 2R c - r u, and outer radius R nw - r u (see Figure 6): Figure 5 Network and cell of interest in the fluid model; the distance between two BS is 2 R c and the network is made of a continuum of base stations.
This could be regarded as a scenario where one user is between two BSs and the other is closer to one BS.
In a homogenous environment, the ping-pong effect is a phenomenon that rapidly repeats HHOs between two BSs and can be mitigated by means of dwell timer (DT) or hysteresis margin [16].
In order to share the bandwidth with the PS, the distance between two BSs dsp should be large enough, then, the SU-to-PU interference can be controlled.
The simulation area is 2 km × 2 km with the CBS located at the positions dsp far away from the PBS, where dsp is the distance between two BSs and varies from 0 to 1 km.
It is observed in Fig. 15 b that the duty of providing target SINR of this user is shared nearly equal between three BSs belonging to the cluster and the needed transmitting power is distributed better between these coordinated BSs.
In the simulation, all BSs are equipped with two antennas, and each BS serves one user.
For the adaptive implementation, there are two styles of signaling message between the two BSs, depending coordination is needed or not.
