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In order to account for the time differences between trials, we calculated refixation rate instead of the absolute number of refixations.
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Since previous research typically only performs one or two walking trials, we calculated the differences between walk times (raw and average) as initial walk time minus follow-up walk time.
35 After pooling these trials, we calculated the average mortality benefit.
For each trial we calculated the differences between the abbreviated POMS scores from the LVF and the RVF stimulation, and then examined how well these differences correlated from each trial with each other.
When multivariate analyses were conducted in the trial, we calculated event rates reflecting the adjusted differences between monitoring arms.
For each trial we calculated separately the proportion of eligibility criteria matching between protocols and publications (nominator) and all eligibility criteria defined in the protocol (denominator).
From the results in the two-county trial we calculated ICR = 0.27 and PICR = 0.21.
We used continuous data to calculate the mean difference between groups (with 95% confidence intervals) if the same measure was used in all trials, or we calculated the standardised mean difference where different outcome measures were used for the same construct in different trials.
For dichotomous data we calculated relative risks and where appropriate combined results from different trials.
To calculate dewlap color dissimilarity between species, we calculated pairwise Manhattan distances.
To examine the associations between trial characteristics and publication rate, we calculated the publication rate for trials at different stages, and with various sponsor types, study designs, and intervention types.
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