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For the phase-dependent measurements, the temporal delay between laser pulses is first set to 190±10 fs corresponding to the travel time of electrons between the two laser spots and then phase controlled by the wedge prisms.
In Fig. 4c, we show the measured electron current as a function of the minimum deflection angle and of the phase difference between the two laser pulses (the deflection angle of the beam centre is shown in Supplementary Fig. 3).
By tuning the time delay between the two laser beams and laser energy, through-thickness damage position and severity can respectively be adjusted.
A change in the pump power changes the thermally induced chirp in the Bragg grating, which, in turn, changes the frequency separation between the two laser modes.
The frequency spacing between the two laser modes is what ultimately determines the beat frequency at the output of the PD.
The time intervals between the two laser pulses, image magnification produced by camera calibration and projection of the local flow velocity vector onto the plane of the light sheet are used to calculate the small interrogation areas.
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From this it was evident that the difference in the laser beam radiance between the two lasers would have had much to do with this effect.
Coherence between the two lasers is demonstrated via spectral interferometry and second-order field cross-correlation.
In the absence of frequency noise, the photodetector output current, I t), is a sinusoidal signal with a frequency equal to the frequency difference between the two lasers, f LO=f L1−f L1−f
CARS microscopy uses two pulsed lasers to coherently drive a specific molecular vibration by tuning the beating frequency, i.e., the frequency difference between the two lasers, to a Raman band [15].
We changed the delay time between the two lasers and observed the effect on the ablation of alumina balls.
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