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GSTs had a median 92.1% identity between the two aphid species, and CCEs had a median 91.2% identity between the two aphid species.
Based on the Dam methylation amplification results, a clear pattern was detected that could be associated to the differences between the two aphid variants.
In addition, a number of divergent sequences within the orthologous gene pairs might also contribute to the biological differences between the two aphid species.
The sequence divergences within 3,368 orthologous pairs between the two aphid species, of which ratios Ka/Ks substitution could be calculated, had been assessed.
In this study, we analyzed the divergence of transcriptome sequence between the two aphid species, and similar genes/pathways were identified to be involved in the divergence of two aphid species through both comparative transcriptomic analysis and Ka/Ks analysis.
Variation between the two aphid variants was detected within the A6M1 site by PCR amplification (using primers A6F1 and A6R1) of DpnI-digested DNA: strong amplicon intensity was obtained for the 6 orange aphids, whereas 5 green aphids demonstrated low to medium amplicon intensities, and no amplification was found for the 6th one.
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In addition, we reared the two aphid species alone and together to see if competition between the aphid species would influence the effect of the earthworms on plants and aphids.
Overall, the two aphid species differed in their reproductive performance (F2,249 = 32.42, P < 0.001; Table 1) with fewer A. pisum aphids than A. fabae aphids after two weeks growth (t = 7.55, P < 0.001).
Although a close phylogenetic relationship between pea aphid and grain aphid was illustrated based on analysis of partial sequence of EF1 alpha orthologs in different aphid species [ 8], the diversity between these two aphid species is obvious.
Although a close phylogenetic relationship between grain aphid and pea aphid was proposed, the biological variations between these two aphid species are obvious.
The between- and within-mound distribution patterns were very similar for the three aphid species under study, suggesting that similar dispersal and recruitment mechanisms apply.
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