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Nevertheless, the limitations of pooled chi-square analyses have to be kept in mind especially for this comparison: using this method there is no adjusting for potential systematic differences between the trials using either DC type.
No significant differences were found between the trials using sodium monofluorophosphate, stannous fluoride, sodium fluoride, and amine fluoride as the active ingredient.
The ratio of odds ratios was used to quantify the degree of difference in treatment effects between the trials using surrogate outcomes and those using patient relevant outcomes, also adjusted for trial characteristics.
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We will also explore potential differences in cost-effectiveness between centres within the trial using multilevel modelling techniques.
Response rates were compared between the two arms of the trial using chi-squared tests.
Mean differences in health status outcomes (SF-12, pain) and resource variables were compared between the treatment arms of the trial using the independent t-test of either the pooled or separate variance estimates as appropriate.
Supplementary subgroup analyses found a statistically significant difference in effect of acupuncture between the two trials using non-penetrative placebo needles (pooled standardised mean difference 0.07, −0.18 to 0.32) and the 10 trials using penetrative placebo needles (pooled standardised mean difference −0.21, −0.30 to −0.11) (P=0.04).
The magnitude of the effect in each trial arm varied considerably, both between different procedures and between trials using the same procedure.
Clearly, such a discrepancy will arguably result in longer periods of progression-free disease and specifically in changes in time to progression between new trials using the RECIST criteria and those using WHO criteria (Warren et al, 2001; Schwartz et al, 2003a).
Another aspect to be considered is the difference in patient characteristics between the pivotal trials used.
The grasparatus could be rotated to each of the eight faces between trials using a computer-controlled pneumatic system [see 9, for details].
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