The pairwise genetic distances (F ST) between sampling years were significantly correlated with the temporal difference between samples (Mantel's test, r = 0.647, P < 0.001; Figure 4), i.e. samples that were fewer years apart were more similar genetically.
Prominent in these are actor-critic models of basal ganglia functioning which build on the strong resemblance between dopamine neuron activity and the temporal difference prediction error signal in the critic, and between dopamine-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity in the striatum and learning guided by a prediction error signal in the actor.
This divergence between gender identity and biological sex has been proposed to emerge from the temporal difference between sexual differentiation of the genitals and the brain (Swaab and Garcia-Falgueras 2009; Bao and Swaab 2011).
This magnitude of oxygen penetration is well within the observed range of sedimentary oxygen diffusion15 and would account for the temporal difference between the aU peak in the record from 17PC and those records from the eastern and western equatorial Pacific13, where the much larger sediment accumulation rates limit the time interval over which burndown may have affected the aU record.
Performance measures were the speed of compensation for the phase shift, in terms of the temporal difference between the response and the metronome pulse, i.e. asynchrony, and the standard deviation of the asynchronies and interresponse intervals of steady state synchronisation.
The temporal difference between the current block and the reference block is considered for measuring the activity of each MB.
Figure 1a presents the temporal difference between SWA/SWB satellites from August 2014 till January 2016.
In other words, the larger the value of τ, the less relevant is the temporal difference between the points into account.
Thus, the temporal difference between the two signals decreases in convergent brain areas when visual stimuli precede auditory signals by 100 ms.
Change detection uses the temporal difference between two adjacent frames, together with an adaptive thresholding, to decide whether a pixel should be considered in motion or stationary.
