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In addition, some researchers have considered wobble pairings between the seed sequences and 3′ UTRs in predicting target sites (Enright et al. 2003; Stark et al. 2003).
To highlight the relation between the seed sequences of miRNA families, we computed edit distances (Levenstein) between each pair of seed sequences of the differentially expressed families.
The novel finding of cross-kingdom similarities, in particular between the seed sequences of plant viral sequences, most of which are RNA viruses, and hsa-miRs, may provide an indication of the evolutionary conservation of this particular structural-functional feature of miRs.
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The nucleotide frequency difference between the seed sequence and the nucleotide variants in these three OTUs was much smaller than in the other 61 OTUs.
Base-pair complementarity could be demonstrated between the seed sequence of a subset of human microRNAs and Alu repeats that are integrated parallel (sense) in mRNAs.
These small (∼21-mer) non-coding RNA molecules regulate gene expression by binding to 3' untranslated regions (3' UTR) of target mRNAs, triggering transcript degradation or translational repression depending on the extent of complementarity between the seed sequence of the miRNA and the mRNA motif [3].
The matching between the seed sequence (2 7 b.p). of the microRNA with the target mRNA sequence would suffice to initiate the regulation cascade by microRNA [ 38].
Target mRNA specification is determined by sequence complementarity between the seed sequence of an individual miRNA and the target mRNAs (Baek et al, 2008; Eulalio et al, 2008; Selbach et al, 2008; Bartel, 2009).
Ideal base pairing was observed between the seed sequence of mature miR-216b and 3′-UTR of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) mRNA; moreover, this seed sequence was highly conserved across species.
Predominantly, miRNAs behave as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, promoting either mRNA degradation or translation inhibition, depending upon the complementarity shared between the seed sequence of miRNAs and the corresponding 3' untranslated region of the target sequence [ 11– 13].
miRs are 20 25 nt small non-coding RNA molecules that control gene expression through base pairing between the seed sequence of the miR and its complementary match sequence on the target mRNA [11].
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