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An equilibrium was achieved between the repulsion force and cross-linking force by adjusting the concentration of GO sheets.
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The repulsion force between negative charges was the major force to keep the stability of MMT suspensions (0.1 wt%).
Due to this positive charged surface, the repulsion force between the adsorbent surface and dye molecule increased resulting decreased in adsorption as proposed in Eqs.
Since donated electrons orbit around charged donor with the radius, the repulsion force between electrons belonging to adjacent donors could suppress the donation of additional electrons.
As [Fe CN 6]3-/4- is also negatively charged, the repulsion force between rGO and [Fe CN 6]3-/4- reflects the amount of the negatively charged functional groups in rGO.
The presence of salt ions near the polar heads of the surfactant molecules decreases the repulsion force between the headgroups.
with f is being the repulsion force parameter between the ion cores.
To obtain the fusion of two nuclei, it is necessary to provide them with the proper energy to overcome the repulsion forces between the nuclei.
When the electric charges become more negative at interfaces, the repulsion forces between rock and oil increase and make the rock more water-wet.
At higher values of pH (6 8), some of the carboxylate groups ionized and the repulsion forces between COO− groups cause an enhancement of the swelling capacity.
The polymeric systems would then encounter different extent of swelling due to the repulsion forces between the ionized carboxyl groups [33], thus causing the drug molecules to be diffused through water-filled outermost layer at a different rate.
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