Sentence examples for between the primary user from inspiring English sources

Nevertheless, they can update the local thresholds as per the channel between the primary user and the CRs.

Finally, we also show the impact of the distance between the primary user transmitter and the distributed CR network on cooperative strategies of the distributed CRs.

Finally, we evaluate the impact of the distance between the primary user transmitter and the distributed CR network on cooperative strategies of the distributed CRs.

where represents noise power and is the signal power received by CR. is the primary user's signal power, is the distance between the primary user and the th CR, is the path-loss exponent and is a scalar.

In this case, we have to consider shadowing not only between the secondary base station and the primary user receivers, but also between the primary user transmitter and the secondary receiver(s).

The distance between the primary user and the i th secondary user, d i, can be calculated by the following equation: d i = ( x - x i ) 2 + ( y - y i ) 2, i = 1, 2, …, M. (2).

The secondary transmitter is placed at position (x,y) = (0.3,0.5), i.e. on the line between the primary users.

For convenience, we normalize all distances with respect to the distance between the primary users (i.e. d11 = 1).

In this case, the main reason for the decrease in the normalized utility is the competition to access the network between the primary users; when the cognitive network is saturated, there will be no utility for the secondary users.

The source will begin transmission in the two cases of Ĥ s = H 0 : one is that it successfully detects the existence of the spectrum hole when there is no transmission between the primary users; the other is that it mistakenly detects the appearance of the spectrum hole when the primary users are communicating.

One of the primary challenges in this CR-VANET network is to allocate high-throughput licensed channels to the application requests in face of interference between the primary users (PUs) and the secondary users (SUs) and among the SUs on the channels.