This method ensures that desired dynamic properties hold despite parametric uncertainty by maintaining a minimal distance between the operating point and so-called critical manifolds where the process behavior changes qualitatively.
Similarly, the operating points of are chosen at,,,,, and, respectively.
The operating points for are chosen at and.
Ideally, the intersection – the operating point – between the stack and the fan characteristic curves should be located in the optimal operating region of the fan; and be sufficiently far away from any unstable region.
To implement for nonlinear system, the PEA method used for LTI and LPV model is extended to the QLTV model to realize the independence between the closed-loop system and the operating point.
The analysis shows that the presented CAD system based on LMNN algorithm and SVM yields the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity by shifting the operating point up and to the left in the ROC space [ 57] in comparison with other reported methods such as VAF SVM, PCA SVM and GMM SVM.
The parameters of the PID controllers vary according to the neighborhood of the operating point and switch between the sets of the locally stabilizing PID controllers.
This effect could complicate the task of choosing the operating point of the HPA, leading to compromises between different carriers.
The operating point should be located at the intersection point between the fan and the stack characteristic curve.
Toward this end, the failure assessment diagram (FAD) has been used here as another simple engineering tool to estimate probability of the failure, as the function of the position of the operating point, i.e. defining probability as the ratio between the distance of the operating point from the zero point, and the appropriate distance between the point on the limiting curve and zero point.
