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Modic type 1 changes show the claw sign on DWI when presenting as well-marginated, linear, typically paired regions of high signal situated within the adjoining vertebral bodies at the boundaries between the normal bone marrow and vascularised bone marrow that lies close to the affected disc (Fig. 18).
Orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed an evident and statistically significant separation (P<0.001) between the normal bone and bone metastasis samples, independent of treatment, determined by ANOVA of the cross-validated model (Figure 2b).
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This practice stems from the gradual recognition of clinical entities in the latter half of the nineteenth century, and originated long before there were any effective treatments or real understanding of the relationship between haematological malignancy, the normal bone marrow and immune system, and before anything was known about the cellular and genetic basis of malignant transformation.
The same results could be seen between the osteopaenia group and the normal bone mass group (Table 2).
Hence, the similarities between microcracking in HA used for scaffolds in bone tissue engineering and that in the normal bone repair process is of importance in designing HA scaffolds with improved mechanical properties and biocompatibility.
The negative samples represent the normal bone sections.
The lesion integrates progressively into the normal bone and disappears.
There was significant difference between the injured versus normal bone of the control group in terms of ultimate strength (P = 0.01) and stiffness (P = 0.04), and the normal bones had superior ultimate strength and stiffness compared with their normal contralaterals.
A significant difference exists regarding the maximal enhancement between normal bone marrow and diffuse or focal myeloma involvement (unpublished data).
T1-weighted spin-echo imaging gives good contrast between tumour and normal bone marrow in the adult.
Mucocele is emblematic: frequently the line of demarcation between demineralised and normal bone is represented by a blunt but sharp border, whereas in neoplasms the border is ill-defined and spiculated.
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