The sudden rises of the friction at around 1.0 s and 2.8 s would correspond to "pull-in", in which the gap suddenly decreases when the balance between the linear elastic force (from the insulating material) and non-linear electrostatic force is broken.
It occurred in a nearly potential large-scale magnetic configuration as shown by the comparisons between the magnetic extrapolations (linear force-free field) and the large-scale soft X-ray loops.
This trend is due to the mismatch between the linear relationship of increased force demands with body size (proportional to Mass1.0), and the non-linear scaling of leg strength (roughly proportional to Mass0.66 (Schmidt-Nielsen, 1984) (but see Biewener, 1989), leading to a relative decrease in strength, and therefore turn capacity, with increasing size.
The exponential model was also applied to linear force.
The dynamic Lagrangians allow one to solve for the non-linear forces between two points in contact without using artifacts such as springs.
To determine whether the linear relationship between force and displacement was influenced by scale infestation duration, a GLM model was fitted in SAS GLM Procedure with force as a dependent variable and displacement, replications and the interaction of displacement and replications as independent variables.
Although Steered MD simulations have reproduced the linear dependency between forces and pulling velocities, the simulated force fluctuations were much larger than expected from the AFM experiments.
Figure 11 shows the linear relationship between the applied force and the strain output in the range of 0 120 N, which is due to the elastic deformation of the tool shank [19].
All of these analyses showed a direct correlation (approximately linear) between the impact force (maximum and the second peak) and the impact speed. .
model a bar where the displacement and the bending moment at are zero, and there are relations, not necessarily linear, between the shearing force and the angular attitude at and the displacement in two other points of the beam.
