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It would also be interesting to look for interactions between the intervention effects and SES.
However, the differences between the intervention effects of CVR groups were not significant (p = 0.0639).
It is acknowledged however, that the correlations between the intervention effects if required can easily be obtained from the correlations between the outcomes [ 14, 51].
The differences between the intervention effects in RCTs with an active comparator and placebo-controlled trials could also reflect the proportion of patients who were overweight.
In statistical language, interaction is the difference between the intervention effects in different subgroups, and the null hypothesis is that the intervention effect is equal across subgroups [ 9- 12].
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If the intervention effect hypothesised in the sample size calculation is not based on results from systematic reviews of randomised clinical trials, then we recommend to calculate an additional Bayes factor using a smaller ('sceptical') hypothesised intervention effect, e.g., a relative risk halfway between the intervention effect hypothesised in the sample size calculation and 1.0.
These include: (1) other reporting biases (selective outcome and/or analysis reporting), (2) poor methodological quality leading to inflated effects in smaller studies, (3) true heterogeneity, (4) sampling variation leading to an association between the intervention effect and standard error and (5) chance [ 42].
We powered the study for one pre-planned subgroup analysis in which obese patients will be compared to non-obese patients via formal testing of the statistical significance of a multiplicative interaction between the intervention effect on obese and non-obese TKA recipients.
Second, we make the assumption of homogenous between-study correlations for the intervention effects from different outcomes.
Subgroup analyses will be used to evaluate whether the intervention effects differ between predefined subgroups of the population.
However the relatively large number of children per school, (range 86 275) meant that the power was likely to be dominated by the number of schools and the variation between schools in the magnitude of the intervention effects.
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