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That is, the program could not confidently choose between the hypotheses of high or zero gene flow.
We specifically wanted to distinguish between the hypotheses of an absence of gene flow between all pairs of species, similar exchanges between the species or unidirectional gene flow (this later objective could not be addressed as discussed above).
Besides the many microendemic mantellids, also widespread species do exist in this family [ 29], so we cannot conclusively distinguish between the hypotheses of (i) a mix of speciation modes, or (ii) absence of a clear pattern due to range shifts.
A large value of D IA relative to D AI (or the opposite) is indicative of situations in which there is more association than what would be expected under independence so that θ or 1 − θ would be close to 1. Thus, values of θ or of 1 − θ away from provide evidence of discrepancy between the hypotheses of random ensembles of (x,y) pairs vs. associated ensembles.
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To our knowledge the distinction between the hypothesis of rational pricing and the alternative hypothesis of a characteristics-based explanation for the FFC-model has so far been only conducted based on CB portfolios by Daniel and Titman (1997) and Davis et al.
Independently of this limitation, the essential difference between the hypothesis of drug-insensitive LSCs and the data is clearly captured in the long -term outcome.
The likelihood ratio test between the hypothesis of the existence of a QTL (H1) and the hypothesis of the absence of a QTL (H0) was calculated on a given chromosome at each position every 0.5 cM.
For instance, Trégouet et al. [ 12] found that body mass index (BMI)/insulin (INS) correlations between biological relatives tend to be higher than those between spouses, supporting the hypotheses of common transmissible factors for these two traits.
Overall, our data support the hypotheses of interdependencies between: 1) space and time stimulus uncertainty; and 2) search (fixations) and response (RT) components of attention.
Then we operationalized the hypotheses of association between exposure and outcome based on known embryologic phenomena.
This formula uses the hypotheses of independence between sources and equal catchability by each source.
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