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The rate of vestibular osmolar and fluid increase is determined here by the rate of solute mixing and equilibration, k = 1 s−1, between the external solution and the external membrane surface.
No significant solute flow other than glucose occurs via GLUT2 between the external solution and vestibule.
Water flow, Jw12, across the external orifice of the transporter between the external solution [1] and the vestibule [2] Os = impermeant solute (mOsm kg−1), total osmoles, Tos = G + Os, (mOsm kg−1), Lp13 is the membrane hydraulic permeability (cm cm−2 cm H20−1); 26 cm H2O = osmotic pressure exerted by 1 mOsm at 300°K.
With the increase of ionic strength in salt solution, the ionic osmotic pressure between the external solution and hydrogel decreases, so the water absorbency decreases.
Net water flow between the external solution [1] and the vestibule [2] is assumed to be entirely dependent on the osmotic pressure generated by the osmolar concentration difference between the external solution and the vestibular compartment [2].
Glucose flow between the external solution and the vestibule, Jg moles cm−2 s−1, has a maximal rate, Vm, between two saturable glucose binding sites facing the external and vestibular solutions.
Similar(53)
KCl and CsCl were accumulated from very low concentrations (of the order of 0.1 mM) but at concentrations as low as 10 mM there was no significant difference between their concentration in the external solution and that in the pores.
This known phenomenon is often attributed to a decreased osmotic pressure difference between the SAP network and the external solution due to a low efficiency anion-anion electrostatic repulsion.
The increase of vestibular glucose concentration is rate controlled by solute diffusion in the external solution.
After modifying the external solution, electrochemical potentials between the bath and the tissue are created (∇ ε w, ∇ ε+, and ∇ ε−), generating a new ion distribution within the cartilage.
To isolate voltage-dependent sodium currents, 1 μM tetrodotoxin was added to the external solution.
More suggestions(15)
between the external face
between the external load
between the yellow solution
between the electrolyte solution
between the aqueous solution
between the external input
between the analytical solution
between the approximate solution
between the external self
between the blueing solution
between the external force
between the current solution
between the adjoint solution
between the exact solution
between the external appearance
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