Since promoter fusion assays demonstrated the cooperation between the DIST and PROX elements, we investigated whether these two regions could physically interact in vivo.
When we examined possible competition between the two elements, we found that HuR overexpression counteracted the effect of miR-181d on the T55 WT reporter (Fig 8B).
We found that there is a much larger intervening sequence between two of the elements that we identified (the 5' and 3' strands of helix 20 [Figure 4]) than is usually the case, 902 nucleotides rather than the 165 nucleotides (positions 588 753 E. coli [Figure 4]) that would be normally expected.
Given two sets of vertices X and Y, let (P_{XY} ={p_{xy}| xin X, yin Y}) denote the set of all pairwise shortest paths between the elements of X and Y, we further define closed dominance and minimum closed dominance as follows: (Closed dominance) A vertex set U is said to be a closed dominance of (P_{XY}), iff (P_{XY} subset bigcup _{uin U}{u_vdash }^P).
Only we mention here that the extra conditions therein ensure the comparability between the element in which we apply to inequality (3.1).
Likewise, the links between the police and criminal elements: "We published articles containing foolproof evidence that seven policemen were members of Aum and that one of them was a likely suspect in the shooting of the police chief Takaji Kunimatsu," Motoki says.
To study the overlap between RRAs and regulatory elements, we used the annotation data produced by [ 58].
To examine whether there is a significant additive effect between the NF-κB and ISRE elements, we performed the following test: Given the total number of genes whose promoter contains signatures of both NF-κB and ISRE, or only NF-κB, denoted t1 and t2, respectively, we checked whether there is an enrichment of NF-κB+ISRE joint targets within the 10% most highly induced NF-κB targets.
We examine the presence of the core promoter elements and relations between the elements in different subsets of Drosophila promoters.
So, though there may be different and possibly overlapping functions between the two classes of regulatory elements, we continue to use the notion of transcript clusters as mainly transcript-producing and enhancer clusters as mainly involved in long-range interactions throughout the rest of the text.
