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The difference between the effect size observed in the RILs and the NILs could have a number of explanations.
There was evidence of heterogeneity between the effect size estimates in the first trimester smokers and continued smokers (P = 0.035; Fig. 1B).
This assumes a linear trend between the effect size and its variance (rather than its standard error, as assumed in the original Egger's test).
Furthermore, if there is a cause for heterogeneity, for example a subgroup effect, neither fixed nor random effects models take such relations between the effect size and subgroups into account.
Sensitivity analysis according to potential risks of bias showed no significant difference between the effect size of pain (HT) at the end of treatment and risk of bias (see Additional file 7).
There was no relationship between the dose of β-alanine administered and the difference between the effect size of the BA and Pla groups seen in the exercise measures (P = 0.337).
Similar(48)
The 95% CI on fitted effect sizes were derived and the differences between the effect sizes were tested using bootstrapping methods that are robust, conservative, and require fewer assumptions than classical methods[47].
The 95% confidence interval (CI) on fitted effects were derived and the differences between the effect sizes were tested using bootstrapping methods that are robust, conservative, and require few assumptions relative to classical meta-analytic methods [43].
We calculated rank order correlation (Spearman's rho) between the effect sizes and the overall sample size.
This may explain the difference between the effect sizes for LDX treatment observed in these subdomains (1.222 and 0.562, respectively).
Specifically, we assessed the relationship between the effect sizes observed within each trial against its i) mean age; ii) mean baseline oxygen saturation; and iii) severity classification.
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