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In addition, the relationship between the dimple diameter, the contact width ratio and the wear performance is discussed.
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The geometric parameters like dimple shape, depth, pitch and starts are found to have significant effects on overall heat exchange performance while the dimple diameter has insignificant effect on thermal performance.
By reducing the oil temperature from 100 to 50 °C the dimple diameter resulting in the highest friction reduction changed from 40 to 200 µm.
The dimple diameters leading to the highest friction reduction significantly depend on the oil temperature.
In the experiments, the dimple densities were varied from 0 to 30%, and the dimple diameters were varied from 40 to 300 μm.
The results also indicated that the area density of 16% showed low friction compared to other fractions for all the dimple diameters considered for the analysis.
Three non-dimensional geometric design variables, such as the elliptic dimple diameter ratio, ratio of the dimple depth to average diameter, and ratio of the streamwise distance to spanwise distance between dimples are considered for the optimization.
A parametric study was performed with two design variables, the ratios of dimple diameter and dimple height to the nozzle diameter, and two dimple arrays (inline and staggered arrays).
It was found that the pattern with dimple diameter of 20 μm presented the effect of friction reduction.
The fracture morphology of the unirradiated sample showed dimpled rupture with much large dimple diameter and depth.
The rib pitch, rib angle, dimple diameter, and dimple center-to-center distance were 6 mm, 60°, 6 mm, and 7.2 mm, respectively.
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