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The depth of investigation depends on the distance between the current electrodes.
The progressive increase in the distance between the current electrodes causes the current lines to penetrate to greater depths depending on the vertical distribution of conductivity (Parasnis 1986).
rho_{a} = frac{{pi Rleft( {frac{AB}{2}} right)^{2} }}{MN} (4 where AB is current electrode spacing, MN is potential electrode spacing, R is electrical resistance and π is a constant equal to 3.142; from the expression in Eq. (4) i.e. for Schlumberger array, the distance between the potential electrodes is small compared to the distance between the current electrodes.
The distance between the current electrodes and sensing electrodes was 10 cm (13).
Similar(56)
The Schlumberger method was used, in which the distance between the two current electrodes (AB) is successively expanded, while the distance between the two potential electrodes (MN) is kept at a minimum (MN ≤ 1/5 AB).
The values of resistivity p are determined by the formula, ( rho = frac{V}{I} 2pi a, ) where V is the potential in volts measured between the two current electrodes, and I is the current in amperes passes into the ground, and a is the distance between the successive electrodes and 2π, a constant.
The measured apparent resistivity values were plotted against the half the distance between current electrodes (AB/2) on a log log graph to calculate the vertical electrical sounding curves, which were interpreted using IPI2 win software to determine the apparent resistivity and the thickness of subsurface layer of different composition.
The penetration of current below the surface is proportional to 1/3rd distance between two current electrodes on the surface.
The four electrode arrangement may also attenuate significant differences between channels, especially if currents are shunted away from current sensing electrodes towards an adjacent low-impedance pathway or if the segments between the current and measuring electrodes have high impedances (zone of negative sensitivity) [36].
In order to obtain the apparent resistivity as the function of depth, the measurements for each position are performed with several different distances between current electrodes.
The apparent resistivity values in Ohm-m were computed from the relation: {text{Apparent resistivity}},mathop rho nolimits_{a} = frac{{4pi Delta V {text{AM}})}}{I} (1 where (R = frac{Delta V}{ I} is resistance of the formation, AM is the distance between the current and potential electrodes in the borehole (16″ and 64″) (Kearey et al. 2002) as shown in Fig. 2a.
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