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In an additional article, the authors reported that there were no differences in characteristics between the complete cases and the whole sample.
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There were differences between the complete case analysis results and the imputation results.
Additional analyses showed that the differences between imputed and complete case estimates of wave 2 health problems were similar to the differences between the complete case and imputed prevalence estimates of wave 3 health problems (data not shown).
Number of upright events, median and variation in length of upright events did not differ notably between the complete case and MI analyses, neither for the 4 nor the 12 months results.
There were no differences between the complete case sample and the overall ALSPAC sample in concurrent depressive symptoms at age 13 years, in peer victimisation at age 13 years, or in depression at age 18 years.
However, there were differences in the urgency score and wait times between the complete case cohort and those with missing data (urgency score of 4.1 for missing data versus 3.9 for complete case cohort; wait-time of 12.6 days for the missing data versus 9.7 days in the complete case cohort).
A sensitivity analysis using an unpaired t-test was carried out to compare the mean difference between the complete case frailty score of 1568 women and the frailty scores of the total population of 4286 women with missing frailty indicators included.
In other words, systematic differences between missing cases and the complete cases are allowed so long as all (or most) of the differences can be explained or modelled by the other observed variables.
For 'absence from school due to illness' and for use of antibiotics the associations with obesity were statistically significant in the imputed data, but not in the complete cases, whereas the association between flu/serious cold and obesity was statistically significant in the complete cases but not in the imputed data.
Secondary analyses involved only the complete cases.
We compared the results between the complete-case data analysis and the all-sites data analysis with the imputed values.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com