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Cooperative work between the carbene function and hydrogen bonding interactions was suggested to give the enantioenriched chroman derivatives.
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The intramolecular communication between the carbene ligand, molybdenum metal centre, and the ancillary ligands is illustrated by linear relationships and trends obtained between experimentally measured redox and XPS binding energy values and theoretically calculated energies and charges.
Interestingly, the bonds between the carbene center and the Cipso(Ph) carbon atoms are not contracted and the two phenyl rings are significantly twisted from the carbene plane, implying a very weak π-stabilization of the carbene by these substituents.
A potential-energy surface scan with respect to the distance between the carbene carbon and boron atoms was conducted from both state I and III of 4 c.
Moreover, the bond length between gold and the carbene carbon decreased with strong σ-donating ligands such as chloride or N-heterocyclic carbenes, but it increases with less donating, π-acidic ligands such as phosphines or phosphites by reducing the back-donation to the substrate.
Intramolecular rhodium carbenoid additions were studied using 2,4-pentanidiol as a chiral tether between a diazo group, a precursor of the carbene, and an aromatic group to be reacted with the carbene.
The free carbenes were isolated as confirmed by X-ray crystallography and 13C NMR peak at 213 ppm corresponding to the carbene carbons.
Mesoionic carbenes (MICs) are similar to N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) except that canonical resonance structures with the carbene depicted cannot be drawn without adding additional charges.
To avoid this electronic interaction, the carbene units dimerise.
A thiazole based carbene (analogous to the carbene postulated by Breslow) has been prepared and characterised by X-ray crystallography.
This reaction occurs because unlike imidazolium based carbenes, there is no loss of aromaticity in protonation of the carbene.
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