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In some cases, undesirable reactions between the bottom electrode layers were observed, and layer architectures to overcome these reactions are also discussed.
Insertion of an ultrathin layer of poly methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) between the bottom electrode and the PEDOT PSS resulted in a systematic and substantial decrease in turn-on voltage, from 7.0 V to less than 1.0 V.
Since this feature occurs when the bottom electrode passes over the receiver (zero horizontal distance between the bottom electrode and the receiver (Fig. 7(b))), our method to obtain the amplitude of the induced magnetic field at this point remains problematic.
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As shown in Fig. 1, the cylindrical double clamped nanowire resonator is driven by electrostatic force exerted between itself and the bottom electrode (also called gate electrode).
The measured voltage between the top and the bottom electrode was 21.4 mV for this case.
Photolithography (AZ 4620, 2,000 r.p.m. for 30 s, baked at 110 °C for 4 min) defined a mask for etching vias through the PI layer, as points of connexion between the coil and the bottom electrode of the capacitor.
The second one is the horizontal distance between the receiver and the bottom electrode of the bipole source.
When more O2 accumulates to a certain pressure under underlying HfO2, it possibly erupts from the mechanically weakest part of the thin films, leading to the hole in oxide films or separation between oxide films and the bottom electrode induced by bubble cracking.
Finally, the horizontal distance between the receiver (OBEM2) and the bottom electrode (fish) was calculated using horizontal distances between the OBEMs.
The bipole source, which generated a rectangular waveform with a period of 16 seconds, with its peak current at approximately ±19 A, and its peak voltage at ±170 Volts, was applied between the surface electrode and the bottom electrode on the end of the winch wire just above the seafloor.
The amplitudes of the induced magnetic fields are plotted against three different horizontal distances: from the receiver to the surface electrode, to the bottom electrode, and to the mid-point between the surface and the bottom electrodes (Fig. 7).
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