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Alternatively, multimode hollow core waveguides have shown a higher dependence between the bend diameter and losses.
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The sensitivity was found to be maximum when the bend diameter of the probe varies from 2 to 3 times the fiber diameter.
The attenuation for a hollow core waveguide with a 750 µm core has been reported as 1.9 dB/m (90° bend) and 2.9 dB/m (180° bend) when the bend diameter was 30 cm [ 27].
State-of-the-art multimode solid core fiber delivery systems based on fluoride glasses can achieve a bending diameter of 20 cm with very weak dependence on the bend diameter [ 26] and having an attenuation of ~0.2 dB/m.
As can be seen there are no significant additional loses if the bend diameter is >30 cm, which is sufficient for many applications.
All fibers have been found to exhibit negligible bending losses down to the bending diameters of 5 cm.
There is a correlation between bending diameter of the filament and the filament diameter.
From the same graph it is noticeable that the attenuation for shorter wavelengths for a bend diameter of 20 cm is higher than for 10 cm.
The fiber was bent during this test to a bend diameter of ~50 cm.
Also, capillary length is the distance between the bend of the capillary loop and its base.
However, it is envisaged that in order to develop novel minimally invasive procedures it may be necessary have bend diameters in the order of 10's mm.
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