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Figure 14 plots the relationship between the average flexural crack spacing and the curvature or drift ratio of a member.
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Table 3 Various specifications for the average flexural crack width.
For the cantilever beam specimens, the average flexural crack spacing in the development region of the plastic hinge is observed.
Open image in new window Fig. 15 Comparison of the experimental results and calculated values using various specifications for the average flexural crack spacing.
Also, the average flexural strength of mix F0 is 4.8 MPa, while that of mix F100 is 2.5 MPa, representing a decrease of about 48%.
Since the average flexural crack width that is calculated using Eq. (18) is assumed to be in the concrete close to the tensile reinforcement, it can be used to calculate the average width of flexural cracks at the concrete surface by applying the strain gradient amplification coefficient β s, as defined in Eqs.
The non-diffuse pattern of the averaged flexural energy fields is well described by the energy flow approaches.
Figure 15 compares the measured average flexural crack spacing with the values calculated using various specifications (Table 3).
(20) and (21) shall be satisfied simultaneously to obtain the average strain of tensile reinforcing bars, engineers cannot easily calculate the maximum or average flexural crack width using AIJ (2010).
For instance, the control specimens observed average flexural capacities of 2500 and 4000 N due to the application of 300 cycles of freeze thaw and thermal fatigue respectively.
Only G2 specimens (gold without WO) with thermo-mechanical cycling did not attain an average flexural bond strength value greater than the minimum established by ISO 9693.
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