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Furthermore all mutations between the alignments are analyzed for their synonymous or non-synonymous nature, permitting the calculation of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates (Ks and Ka, respectively).
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These distances are all computed after sequence alignment, the difference between them being the way the alignments are scored, they are thus expected to give similar results.
Because of the evolutionary distance between H. influenzae and species with no USS, the alignments were done between predicted amino acid sequences rather than nucleotide sequences.
When using the region-specific template sequences, the alignments were between 0.07% worse and 0.40% better than the alignments generated by SILVA.
Using the original approach of employing 7-mer searching combined with blast alignments I found that with the exception of the V6 region, the alignments were between 0.19% worse and 0.36% better than the SILVA alignments (Table 5).
The dependencies between these structures and the alignment are exactly the same as in the original problem formulation of Sankoff.
Where automatic registration failed between adjacent sections, the alignment was done interactively using Pyre (Nornir) or ir-tweak (ir-tools).
To eliminate the alignment errors in the process of determination of mismatch positions in sequence pairs with insertions/deletions, the alignment was limited between the TSSs and most proximal gaps of more than two nucleotides.
The differences in support between the different alignments were much larger than between the phylogenetic optimality criteria applied (maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood).
The differences in support between the different alignments were much larger than between likelihood and parsimony.
The species are closely related within a group, but are distantly related between the groups (rodent and fish alignments are used in Fig. 1 to illustrate the procedure).
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