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To assess the heterogeneity between studies, we used the method developed by DerSimonian and Laird [ 10].
As clinical heterogeneity was present between studies, we used a random effects model throughout.
17 As we expected heterogeneity between studies, we used a random effects meta-analysis for the primary analyses.
As we expected heterogeneity between studies, we used a random effects meta-analysis for the primary analyses, allowing for heterogeneity between and within studies.
As control techniques varied between studies, we used the classification of standard control to delineate those studies that compared their interventions to a basic, minimally-altered consent form required by their institutions' IRB.
Because our preliminary meta-analyses found significant heterogeneity between studies, we used a random effects approach with a restricted maximum likelihood estimate, incorporating an estimate of variation between studies into the calculation of the common effect.
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These RRs are also comparable with our results, but it should be noted that the cut offs between categories and the reference categories are not the same between studies (we use quartiles based on equal percentage ranges with a reference category of < ≈18%).
For intercomparison between case studies we used tide-averaged bed shear stress as a generic proxy for environmental and related ecological effects.
To compare their pathway analysis between two studies, we used Ensembl [ 28] to convert the Drosophila genes to 964 NCBI Entrez GeneIDs for the human orthologs.
When the result of the Q test was statistically significant (p < 0.05), implying heterogeneity between the studies, we used random effects analyses, using the method of DerSimonian and Laird (1986).
To remove platform effects between Affymetrix and Agilent data and batch effects between individual Agilent studies we used COMBAT [ 27, 28].
More suggestions(15)
between classes we used
between studies we set
between plots we used
between studies we wanted
between studies we noted
between labels we used
between sites we used
between strains we used
between studies we pooled
between areas we used
between studies we grouped
between vectors we used
between samples we used
between visits we used
between specimens we used
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