The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of.28 for class level, indicates that there was a high degree of similarity between students within the same class.
In Singapore, the only other country with large numbers of schools with more than one classroom, approximately 23% of the variability in mathematics performance lies between students within classrooms, 53% between classrooms within schools, and 24% between schools.
For example, when multiple classrooms per school are included in the analysis in the U.S., a three-level model indicates that approximately 40% of the variability in mathematics performance lies between students within classrooms, 47% between classrooms within schools, and 12% between schools.
Increased collaboration between students within the lab sections and in mutant groups was added to the course, as was a poster session at the end of the course.
Further analysis demonstrated no significant difference in EBM competency between students within those sites regarding method of EBM delivery (Berlin Questionnaire p=0.58; ACE tool p=0.26).
Although most variation in male and female students' time spent in PA lies between students within schools, there is sufficient between-school variation to be of interest to practitioners and policy-makers.
Finally, because students were allocated to PBL groups in a way that ensured that each group contained a similar mix of students with regard to age, gender, academic and cultural background, there was relatively little variation between PBL groups compared to the variation between students within each group.
Clustering in the Australian data was by school (where secondary students within a year level move between classes for different subjects) and by class in the Swiss sample.
Thus, the study design for style was between-student rather than a stronger within-student approach.
