However, relatively little is known mechanistically about which telomere transitions occur between different states for example: when to activate telomerase in a length-dependent and cell-cycle-restricted manner; when to induce cellular senescence when telomeres are very short; and when to lose protection from end fusion upon further erosion.
I hope, therefore, that this strategy provides the clarity we need with regard to the large differences between Member States, for example - something to which Mr Seeber drew attention.
Importantly, these covalent histone modifications are reversible thereby making it possible to switch between different chromatin states, for example, between active euchromatin and transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin (Ekwall 2005; Mosammaparast and Shi 2010).
Shifts in network connectivity patterns are known to occur between different brain states, for example, intrahippocampal theta decreases in active exploration versus sleep [Montgomery et al., 2008].
This means that in contrast to the deterministic models where abstract and ad hoc compartments are created to define the transition between different epidemiological states (for example the transition of a varicella recovered state to a zoster susceptible state), we can actually work with true biological, and verifiable, concepts such as VZV-CMI.
In fact, in this case, the ratio between the forward and backward rates for each reaction is completely determined by the free energy difference between the two states, for example k D T S / k T D S = exp (G Hsp 70 · ADP · S − G Hsp 70 · ATP · S ).
Genetic circuits that can be switched between two stable expression states (for example, an 'on' and an 'off' state) by a transient stimulus.
The preference for one health state compared with another can be quantified as the difference in elicited utility values between the two health states, for example, different weight effects or different treatment regimens.
Based on the combination of answers on the five items, the questionnaire differentiates between 243 distinct health states (for example 11231), for which pre-determined values (utility scores) have been set, anchored at 0 (death) and 1 (good health) [ 46].
