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Response latency was defined as the amount of time elapsed between solution change and the time when cellular [Ca2+] first exceeded threshold.
The standard deviation of F0 was measured and latency was defined as the time between solution change and the point at which F/F0 first deviated above F0 by more than four standard deviations.
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Between solution changes, RO water was added to maintain a constant solution volume, and solution pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were monitored daily.
Glass slides and cover slips used for single-molecule fluorescence microscopy were washed in the following order: 15 min sonication in 1 M KOH, 15 min sonication in milliQ H2O and 15 min sonication in 70% ethanol with 3 × milliQ H2O rinses between solution changes.
The responses in panel B were recorded between 22 32 minutes after the solution change to low Ca2+.
Here, the underlying concept is that, for every time instant, the velocity of each particle (potential solution), changes between its pbest and lbest locations [35].
"Times change and solutions change".
The microwave measurements allow a correlation between oxide formation in NH4F solution and changes in charge transfer velocity and surface recombination velocity.
The boundaries between non- and for-profit entities seem ever more permeable, as practitioners apply their skills to mitigate economic inequality, find sustainable solutions to climate change, and manage the future that new technologies enable.
Watch out for the line between solutions integration and engineering.
The solution was then changed and blocks left in the solution for another week.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com