Sentence examples for between smoking and study from inspiring English sources

Also, there was a significant interaction between smoking and study cohort.

Recent meta-analyses [ 21, 22] found a negative association between smoking and OA in studies where the control population were recruited from hospital settings.

However there was no significant association between smoking and albuminuria in our study.

This similarity may explain the association between smoking and PD in our study—an adjusted OR per 10 pack-years of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.71 1.04), which is not as strong an inverse association as in other reports (Hernan et al. 2002), likely because smoking behaviors tend to be concordant among spouses, relatives, and friends (Di Castelnuovo et al. 2009).

We made this choice because of uncertainties surrounding the association between smoking and insulin resistance from studies in Caucasians [ 20- 22].

However, no association was found between smoking and nephrotoxicity in the present study, which may have resulted from the small sample size of the present study that was about one-third of that of the study by de Jongh et al. Another nongenetic risk factor found in the present study was the number of chemotherapy cycles that patients received.

To the best of our knowledge, very few other studies have explored the relationship between smoking and academic achievement, and no other study has examined the relationship between snuffing and academic achievement in adolescents.

The ability to detect hypothesized relationship in previous studies between smoking and mental health of females suggests construct validity of smoking status in this study.

Good covariates Moderate Little et al. 2004 [27] Association between smoking and orofacial clefts Case-control study of 438 children from England and Scotland.

Thus, two major risk factors may have overshadowed the relationship between smoking and cadmium levels in this study.

Although there was no association between smoking and HRQoL in the current study, the adolescents who had a friend who was smoking were less likely to have better physical or mental health.